¿Quién se casó con Augustus?

Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (Latin: Octavianus), was the founder of the Roman Empire, who reigned as the first Roman emperor from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. The reign of Augustus initiated an imperial cult and an era of imperial peace (the Pax Romana or Pax Augusta) in which the Roman world was largely free of armed conflict. The Principate system of government was established during his reign and lasted until the Crisis of the Third Century.

Octavian was born into an equestrian branch of the plebeian gens Octavia. Following the assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BC, Octavian was named in Caesar's will as his adopted son and heir, and inherited Caesar's name, estate, and the loyalty of his legions. He, Mark Antony, and Marcus Lepidus formed the Second Triumvirate to defeat the assassins of Caesar. Following their victory at the Battle of Philippi (42 BC), the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic among themselves and ruled as de facto oligarchs. The Triumvirate was eventually torn apart by the competing ambitions of its members; Lepidus was exiled in 36 BC, and Antony was defeated by Octavian's naval commander Marcus Agrippa at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. Antony and his wife Cleopatra, the Ptolemaic queen of Egypt, killed themselves during Octavian's invasion of Egypt, which then became a Roman province.

After the demise of the Second Triumvirate, Augustus restored the outward facade of the free republic, with governmental power vested in the Roman Senate, the executive magistrates and the legislative assemblies, yet he maintained autocratic authority by having the Senate grant him lifetime tenure as commander-in-chief, tribune and censor. A similar ambiguity is seen in his chosen names, the implied rejection of monarchical titles whereby he called himself Princeps Civitatis ('First Citizen'), juxtaposed with his adoption of the name Augustus.

Augustus dramatically enlarged the empire, annexing Egypt, Dalmatia, Pannonia, Noricum, and Raetia, expanding possessions in Africa, and completing the conquest of Hispania, but he suffered a major setback in Germania. Beyond the frontiers, he secured the empire with a buffer region of client states and made peace with the Parthian Empire through diplomacy. He reformed the Roman system of taxation, developed networks of roads with an official courier system, established a standing army, established the Praetorian Guard as well as official police and fire-fighting services for Rome, and rebuilt much of the city during his reign. Augustus died in AD 14 at age 75, probably from natural causes. Persistent rumors, substantiated somewhat by deaths in the imperial family, have claimed his wife Livia poisoned him. He was succeeded as emperor by his adopted son Tiberius, Livia's son and former husband of Augustus's only biological child, Julia.

Claudia (born 57 BC/56 BC) was the daughter of Fulvia by her first husband Publius Clodius Pulcher. She was the stepdaughter of Mark Antony and half-sister of his sons Marcus Antonius Antyllus and Iullus Antonius.

Scribonia (Roma, 70 a.C. – dopo il 16) è stata una nobildonna romana, membro della dinastia giulio-claudia dell'Impero romano in quanto seconda moglie di Ottaviano (il futuro imperatore Augusto), cui diede una figlia, Giulia, nonché bisnonna dell'imperatore Caligola e trisnonna dell'imperatore Nerone.

Livia Drusila o Julia Augusta (59/58 a. C.-29 d. C.) fue la tercera esposa del emperador Augusto. Era hija de Marco Livio Druso Claudiano, quien se suicidó en la batalla de Filipos.

Se casó en primeras nupcias con Tiberio Claudio Nerón, a quien dio dos hijos: Tiberio Claudio Nerón, futuro emperador, y Druso, gran general. Fue abuela de Germánico y Claudio, bisabuela de Calígula y Agripina la Menor y tatarabuela de Nerón.

Fue deificada por Claudio y recibió el título de Augusta después de que Tiberio se negase a hacerlo y a ejecutar su testamento, tarea que fue llevada a cabo por Calígula.

En 42 a. C., su padre la casó con Tiberio Claudio Nerón, su primo, de condición patricia, que luchaba con él en el lado de los asesinos de Julio César contra Octavio. Su padre se suicidó en la batalla de Filipos, junto con Cayo Casio Longino y Marco Junio Bruto, y su marido a continuación siguió luchando contra Octavio, ahora en nombre de Marco Antonio y de su hermano. En 40 a. C., la familia se vio obligada a huir de Italia con el fin de evitar las proscripciones octavianas, y se unió a Sexto Pompeyo en Sicilia, después de pasar a Grecia.

Sobrevivió a su segundo hijo Nerón Claudio Druso y a sus nietos: Germánico, hijo de Druso el Mayor y a su primo Druso el Menor, hijo de Tiberio.